As time goes by and new technological advancements re-shape the motor industry, electric motor systems are only becoming more complicated. Thus, every time a malfunction occurs, identifying the cause is not always the most straightforward task. Electric motor failure can result from several factors. These can be both electrical or mechanical issues. These can result from improper installations, sizing, and maintenance. A well-maintained electric motor can lead to a prolonged service period. However, one that’s poorly taken care of can lead to catastrophic losses to the company. Regardless of the electric motor manufacturing company, there can be several reasons for failure. Given below are a few:
Overheating and Exceedingly High Temperatures
While using electric motors, it is imperative to ensure they do not get overheated. Overheating can result from several reasons and can cause serious performance problems. For instance, overheating can result from a forceful operation in high-temperature environments. This significantly reduces the rate at which heat can be conducted. Therefore, it is vital to have a proper ventilation and cooling system in such areas where these motors are operated. In addition, the cooling and ventilation system acts as a backup cooling system if the motor’s cooling system malfunctions or stops working.
Overcurrent
In some working conditions, electrical devices can start drawing current beyond their withholding capacity. This scenario is usually rare but can happen in cases of electric motors, thus significantly impacting their performance. To curb this problem, it is best to install devices that can help prevent overcurrent, usually wired into the circuits of the motors. They will automatically shut down when an extra amount of current flows into the circuit.
Contamination
Contaminants can come from chemicals, dust, and dirt. They are the leading cause of electric motor failure. Electric motors, especially the 1 phase motors, have a sensitive bearing. Therefore, any foreign body can easily dent its bearing, balls, and raceways, leading to high vibrations and wear levels.
Moreover, these contaminants can also lead to the blockage of the cooling fan, resulting in overheating due to limited temperature regulations.
Bearing Wear
This is another major mechanical failure that can result in more damage if not addressed. When the bearings fail, they become less efficient and thus emit more heat. This, in turn, will force more strain on the functional components of the motor, which automatically become vulnerable to failure. The motor bearing can wear out for several reasons. Some of the most common ones include:
- Shaft misalignment
- Overloading
- Improper installations, and
- Improper lubrication.
Therefore, it is essential to carry out regular inspection routines and verify the bearing integrity each time. If there is a need, ensure you replace those with signs of wearing.
Vibrations
Vibrations can result from improper positioning of the electric motor on an uneven surface. If the vibrations continue for extended periods, they can result in several malfunction issues, even resulting in premature motor failure. Furthermore, the vibrations can also result from some underlying mechanical problems with the motor, like corrosion, loose bearings, and misalignments. The best solution is to keep up with a regular check-up for signs of vibrations, which you can inspect using motor analysis tools.
There are numerous reasons why an electric motor can fail prematurely. The ones discussed here are just a few to give insights into the importance of regular maintenance checks. Remember, proper and regular maintenance can significantly help avoid such failures. While doing so, also remember to keep the motors properly lubricated. That will greatly reduce the friction, which in turn will prevent several failures.
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